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Last week I wrote a story based on a viral Twitter thread that showed Apple apparently openly stating that it’s possible for film titles that you’ve bought (not just rented) on iTunes to become unavailable to you if Apple’s agreements with the film studios behind those titles change.

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In other words, Apple's customer service department was sending out documents stating that if you buy a film on iTunes, you may not be able to own it forever in the same way that you would always own a physical purchase, such as a Blu-ray or 4K Blu-ray disc.

Apple has now responded to the situation described in my previous story (which I strongly recommend you read before going further with this one), and it seems that things are more complicated than Apple’s own customer service responses first made them appear.

There’s a deceptively large amount of information contained in this relatively short statement. So let’s focus first on just the opening line, as that is by far the most important. It states, after all, that if you download any film or TV show you buy on iTunes to a compatible device, it can never disappear - even if Apple loses the rights to carry that film or TV show on its own servers.

So Apple can indeed say that if you buy a film on iTunes, there is a way that you can maintain ownership of it in perpetuity. Fair enough.

There are, however, various ‘real world’ problems with this solution. First, at the time of writing Apple does not provide any way to download films in 4K and HDR. You can only download them in HD. This is unfortunate given how many AV fans have come on board with the Apple TV 4K box precisely because of the large quantities of 4K HDR content they can buy on it.

Photo: Twitter/Apple/Dr Anders G da Silva

Introducing a ‘notification that your purchased content is about to disappear from our servers’ system for all iTunes movie buyers would be a huge plus for iTunes movie buyers. It might be tough to achieve logistically, and I guess it would give iTunes film buyers something of an insight into the reality of Apple’s relationships with studios, rather than maintaining Apple’s preferred ‘it’s all-Apple’ image. But it would make Apple’s defense that you can download films if you want to keep them look much more reasonable than the idea you might have to download all your films ‘just in case’.

I’d also argue in light of Apple’s statement - and the many and varied iTunes purchase problems people have been telling me about since publishing the article last week - that Apple ought to make it clear at the point of purchase that if you buy a film on iTunes, you are not buying perpetual streaming rights and will need to download it to an ‘approved’ device if you want to definitely be able to keep it. Critical information such as this should not be left buried deep in Apple’s labyrinthine terms and conditions.

Let’s now move, at last, into the second and third lines of Apple’s statement: “If you change your country setting, some movies may not be available to re-download from the movie store if the version you purchased isn't also available in the new country. If needed, you can change your country setting back to your prior country to re-download those movies.”.

These words relate to the original tweet thread by Dr. Anders Gonçalves da Silva that kicked the current controversy off. For Apple’s deeper investigations into this case have revealed that they had a quite specific backdrop based on Dr da Silva emigrating from Australia to Canada.

The (very complicated) issues are covered in good depth in this article on CNET. So I’ll try and keep things here as brief as I can.

Essentially, when Dr da Silva moved from Australia to Canada, some of the films he’d bought while living in Australia didn’t ‘copy over’ when his account switched to a Canadian one.

This initially seems pretty weird given that other films he bought in Australia copied over to his Canadian account perfectly well - and that the films he could no longer access were actually available to buy in iTunes Canada.

It is, though, pretty common for films to have different rights issues or even different versions in different territories, due to, say, region-specific cuts made to achieve local age ratings. (Though it has to be said that at least two of Dr da Silva’s affected films, Cars and Cars 2, don’t seem particularly likely to have incurred the wrath of the Canadian or Australian censors!)

* An estate agent in Colorado who owns more than 1000 titles on iTunes, tells me ‘some’ have gone missing, and he is working with Apple to figure out the full list of losses. He also received the following quoted response from Apple support on Friday: “If you're not able to redownload one or more of your past purchases, they may have been removed and are no longer available.” One example he gives is Thor 2, which he redeemed in iTunes from a code with the disc he bought. It is no longer in his iTunes account, but is still in Movies Anywhere!

* A man who switched from a Canadian to a US account (so more similar to the da Silva situation) says he lost 18 films and three seasons of a TV show he'd bought in the switch. He doesn’t specify a full title list of lost films (though I am trying to get one). He said that Apple told him that if he supplied all the purchase receipts (order numbers) they would help him get his movies back. He did that, and even found the links for the same titles on the US store. But Apple came back and said that because the SKU numbers weren’t the same (even though they were the same films), they couldn’t help. He was offered three free rentals and one episode of a TV show as compensation - which didn’t please him much when he’d bought and subsequently lost 18 films and multiple TV seasons.

* A New Yorker told me he has had movies disappear from iTunes, some of which reappeared on the store 6 months later, but in a different edition requiring a new purchase. He was offered three free rentals and told he should download his movies ‘as the studios can remove them’.

Photo: Valerian, EuropaCorp, TF1

* A US resident says Young Guns and Young Guns 2 have gone from his US iTunes account.

* A US Resident tells me he bought Valerian, but then the movie apparently changed studio ownership resulting in the film being removed from his account. And the only way to get it back was to rebuy the same film again at full price. As with other cases, he was offered two (or three - the Apple communication, which I've seen, was confused on this!) rentals in compensation.

* A woman from Illinois contacted me to say that she has lost multiple iTunes TV show and movie purchases over time, with varying outcomes when she's taken each case up with Apple. Timeless Season 1 disappeared, but was reinstated after sufficient 'nagging'. A selection of movie purchases/code redeems were also lost: Hercules (2014), How To Train Your Dragon, Gone Girl, The Intern, If I Stay, The Final Girls, Romancing The Stone and Birdman. All were eventually restored, but only after 'a week of calls and live chats' with Apple. Or two weeks in Hercules case.

* Two US iTunes users have both told me that their purchases of Iron Man 2, Thor and Captain America were recently downgraded to ‘no iTunes Extra’ versions.

* Another US iTunes user says that Ghostbusters 2 has gone from her iTunes account, but is still showing in Movies Anywhere - even though she bought it in iTunes.

* An Irish user tells me that he bought a film in iTunes called 101 Reykavik, only to have it disappear from his account. It then reappeared on the iTunes store with a different (wrong) spelling, and he had to pay 9.99 Euros again to get it back.

* Another US user tells me he has lost films on multiple occasions, and that he has been told essentially that Apple has changed/upgraded/removed them and there is nothing they can do.

I have forwarded this list of incidents to Apple - though in fairness it’s probably not reasonable to expect them to be able to explain each individual situation with the information available.

The point, though, must surely be that issues regarding people losing films and TV shows for all sorts of reasons on iTunes appear to be widespread. And evidence suggests that films and TV shows can indeed, as Apple's own customer services documentation repeatedly state, be removed from UNDOWNLOADED iTunes purchase libraries by content providers for a variety of reasons.

Which brings us back full circle to the fact stated right at the start of Apple’s statement on all this. Namely that while the initial Dr da Silva case may have turned out to have been a specific (but still convoluted) case involving inter-territory licensing foibles, in the end the only way for anyone to guarantee that they’ll keep all their iTunes movie purchases forever is to download them - with all the potential faff associated with that.

So in the end, while the da Silva case might have turned out to be more complicated than Apple’s own support system/responses implied, I’d say that the issues surrounding it - and the myriad other cases people have sent me - have only reinforced my sense that physical media has much more of a future than some people give it credit for. Especially now that the 4K Blu-ray format has finally seen the film studios do away with regional coding.

--

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Last week I wrote a story based on a viral Twitter thread that showed Apple apparently openly stating that it’s possible for film titles that you’ve bought (not just rented) on iTunes to become unavailable to you if Apple’s agreements with the film studios behind those titles change.

In other words, Apple's customer service department was sending out documents stating that if you buy a film on iTunes, you may not be able to own it forever in the same way that you would always own a physical purchase, such as a Blu-ray or 4K Blu-ray disc.

Apple has now responded to the situation described in my previous story (which I strongly recommend you read before going further with this one), and it seems that things are more complicated than Apple’s own customer service responses first made them appear.

So you can keep your iTunes film purchases forever after all. But only if you download them to a hard drive.

Photo: Apple

As we’ll see, though, plenty of questions remain. Also, as I’ll explain later, the sort of problems experienced by the poster of the viral Twitter thread seems to be far from an isolated incident. And the particular circumstances of this ‘ground zero’ case do not by any means seem to explain every disappearing content incident out there.

Let’s start, though, with Apple’s official reply. Here it is in full:

“Any movies you've already downloaded can be enjoyed at any time and will not be deleted unless you've chosen to do so. If you change your country setting, some movies may not be available to re-download from the movie store if the version you purchased isn't also available in the new country. If needed, you can change your country setting back to your prior country to re-download those movies.”

There’s a deceptively large amount of information contained in this relatively short statement. So let’s focus first on just the opening line, as that is by far the most important. It states, after all, that if you download any film or TV show you buy on iTunes to a compatible device, it can never disappear - even if Apple loses the rights to carry that film or TV show on its own servers.

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So Apple can indeed say that if you buy a film on iTunes, there is a way that you can maintain ownership of it in perpetuity. Fair enough.

There are, however, various ‘real world’ problems with this solution. First, at the time of writing Apple does not provide any way to download films in 4K and HDR. You can only download them in HD. This is unfortunate given how many AV fans have come on board with the Apple TV 4K box precisely because of the large quantities of 4K HDR content they can buy on it.

The Apple TV 4K let you buy loads of 4K HDR films. But you can't download and therefore guarantee permanent ownership of any of those titles in 4K.

Photo: Apple

I think most people who buy a film in 4K on a digital video platform would expect to always be able to watch it in 4K. As you would if you’d bought a 4K Blu-ray. (Though Apple does, at least, only charge the same for its 4K films as its HD versions. Just as well in the circumstances!)

Another issue is that when it comes to movies, for many iTunes movie buyers Apple TV boxes are their main way of buying and watching films on iTunes. But you can’t download films to Apple TV boxes. You can only download to Macs, PCs or iPhones, iPads or iPod touch. Fine for watching on the go, but not exactly a convenient solution for playback on your main living room TV.

Digital rights management issues mean that film/TV show files you download to an ‘approved’ iTunes device connected to your iTunes account can’t be shifted to an external NAS drive to free up space on your portable or PC/Mac devices. Unless you use software to remove Apple’s DRM restrictions - which is hardly a practice I’d imagine Apple would be keen to endorse.

Let’s not forget, either, that a key motivation for people choosing to buy ‘digital’ versions of films is precisely that they are stored remotely on a cloud, rather than taking up shelf or storage space at home. So suddenly finding out that you can only definitely retain ownership of online digital movie purchases by downloading and storing them on a physical device in your home seems a little perverse.

Yet another issue with the downloading solution is the fact that Apple doesn’t provide any advance warning that certain titles are about to be removed from its library. Not even to people who have purchased a film or TV show that’s about to disappear. If Apple did provide advance warnings, owners of affected films could make sure they download just the affected titles, rather than having to download every single film they buy by default to ensure they never lose anything.

I have been contacted since writing my original article by people who have hundreds, even 1,000-plus film titles on their iTunes accounts. And for them, the prospect of having to download and store so many titles to be guaranteed permanent ownership of them is mind-boggling.

Apple's first response to Dr Da Silva's question about his three missing films.

Photo: Twitter/Apple/Dr Anders G da Silva

Introducing a ‘notification that your purchased content is about to disappear from our servers’ system for all iTunes movie buyers would be a huge plus for iTunes movie buyers. It might be tough to achieve logistically, and I guess it would give iTunes film buyers something of an insight into the reality of Apple’s relationships with studios, rather than maintaining Apple’s preferred ‘it’s all-Apple’ image. But it would make Apple’s defense that you can download films if you want to keep them look much more reasonable than the idea you might have to download all your films ‘just in case’.

I’d also argue in light of Apple’s statement - and the many and varied iTunes purchase problems people have been telling me about since publishing the article last week - that Apple ought to make it clear at the point of purchase that if you buy a film on iTunes, you are not buying perpetual streaming rights and will need to download it to an ‘approved’ device if you want to definitely be able to keep it. Critical information such as this should not be left buried deep in Apple’s labyrinthine terms and conditions.

Let’s now move, at last, into the second and third lines of Apple’s statement: “If you change your country setting, some movies may not be available to re-download from the movie store if the version you purchased isn't also available in the new country. If needed, you can change your country setting back to your prior country to re-download those movies.”.

These words relate to the original tweet thread by Dr. Anders Gonçalves da Silva that kicked the current controversy off. For Apple’s deeper investigations into this case have revealed that they had a quite specific backdrop based on Dr da Silva emigrating from Australia to Canada.

The (very complicated) issues are covered in good depth in this article on CNET. So I’ll try and keep things here as brief as I can.

Essentially, when Dr da Silva moved from Australia to Canada, some of the films he’d bought while living in Australia didn’t ‘copy over’ when his account switched to a Canadian one.

This initially seems pretty weird given that other films he bought in Australia copied over to his Canadian account perfectly well - and that the films he could no longer access were actually available to buy in iTunes Canada.

It is, though, pretty common for films to have different rights issues or even different versions in different territories, due to, say, region-specific cuts made to achieve local age ratings. (Though it has to be said that at least two of Dr da Silva’s affected films, Cars and Cars 2, don’t seem particularly likely to have incurred the wrath of the Canadian or Australian censors!)

Apple's second response to Dr da Silva.

Photo: Apple/Twitter/Dr Anders G Da Silva

At any rate, the key point is that da Silva’s issues seem to have more to do with regional licensing foibles than Apple just summarily deleting films from their iTunes service - despite what Apple’s own Customer Support responses clearly implied.

Since these responses have now been published elsewhere, I’ve included them in this article too. Given the clear statements they contain, it’s surprising that Apple hasn’t addressed them specifically in its response on the outcry they’ve caused.

The third line of Apple’s reply suggests an easy solution to da Silva’s problem: switch back to an Australian account, download the missing films, and then switch back to the new Canadian account. However, as CNET details in their article after following da Silva’s progress, switching back to an Australian account to retrieve his three missing films (The Grand Budapest Hotel is the third) required da Silva to provide a local credit card or PayPal account. Which he could only do if he had a local Australian address. Er, oh.

Apple then suggested that it could offer da Silva a workaround, but according to the CNET article, it turned out that this workaround would require da Silva to lose his Canadian store subscriptions and store credits. Ah.

Crazily complicated though a solution to da Silva’s problems might be proving to find, it’s important to stress that the films haven’t been completely deleted from his account after all. However, so far as I know, at the time of writing, he still can’t actually play them…

As I mentioned earlier, since writing my initial story I’ve been contacted by many people with other tales of woe regarding disappearing iTunes movies. These include one US-based case that doesn’t feature a country/territory move, and which also involves an Apple customer support statement reiterating the pretty clear-cut language that was used in Apple’s correspondence with Dr da Silva. To quote this second case’s Apple support response: “After receiving your case, I found out that the movie has been already removed from the iTunes Store - that is why you cannot locate it on your device. Apps can be removed from the iTunes Store by Apple or the content provider for many reasons.”

You can download films you buy on iTunes to an approved device connected with your account - such as an iMac.

Photo: Apple

Here’s a list of just some of the other cases I have been contacted about in the past few days:

* A US resident tells me that he has lost 15 movies that used to appear in iTunes: Home, Dick Tracy, Thor, Captain America: First Avenger, The Road to El Dorado, How to Train to Dragon 1 & 2, Ghostbusters 2, Hercules, Kung Fu Panda, Iron Man 2, Mr. Peabody &Sherman, Tarzan, and The Croods. He tells me he is ‘working with Apple’ on this as we speak.

* Another contactee says that all of his iTunes Weinstein Co movies have disappeared.

* A Canadian contact says he purchased seasons 1-4 of The Americans as a package deal, then season 5 separately. But the series was then removed from iTunes and replaced with a season's 1-5 package, which leads to him no longer being able to access the 1-4 package.

* An estate agent in Colorado who owns more than 1000 titles on iTunes, tells me ‘some’ have gone missing, and he is working with Apple to figure out the full list of losses. He also received the following quoted response from Apple support on Friday: “If you're not able to redownload one or more of your past purchases, they may have been removed and are no longer available.” One example he gives is Thor 2, which he redeemed in iTunes from a code with the disc he bought. It is no longer in his iTunes account, but is still in Movies Anywhere!

* A man who switched from a Canadian to a US account (so more similar to the da Silva situation) says he lost 18 films and three seasons of a TV show he'd bought in the switch. He doesn’t specify a full title list of lost films (though I am trying to get one). He said that Apple told him that if he supplied all the purchase receipts (order numbers) they would help him get his movies back. He did that, and even found the links for the same titles on the US store. But Apple came back and said that because the SKU numbers weren’t the same (even though they were the same films), they couldn’t help. He was offered three free rentals and one episode of a TV show as compensation - which didn’t please him much when he’d bought and subsequently lost 18 films and multiple TV seasons.

* A New Yorker told me he has had movies disappear from iTunes, some of which reappeared on the store 6 months later, but in a different edition requiring a new purchase. He was offered three free rentals and told he should download his movies ‘as the studios can remove them’.

Here's something interesting: nobody is going to come to your house and take your 4K Blu-rays away. And 'radically' they'll even still work if you move from one country to another!

Photo: Valerian, EuropaCorp, TF1

* A US resident says Young Guns and Young Guns 2 have gone from his US iTunes account.

* A US Resident tells me he bought Valerian, but then the movie apparently changed studio ownership resulting in the film being removed from his account. And the only way to get it back was to rebuy the same film again at full price. As with other cases, he was offered two (or three - the Apple communication, which I've seen, was confused on this!) rentals in compensation.

* A woman from Illinois contacted me to say that she has lost multiple iTunes TV show and movie purchases over time, with varying outcomes when she's taken each case up with Apple. Timeless Season 1 disappeared, but was reinstated after sufficient 'nagging'. A selection of movie purchases/code redeems were also lost: Hercules (2014), How To Train Your Dragon, Gone Girl, The Intern, If I Stay, The Final Girls, Romancing The Stone and Birdman. All were eventually restored, but only after 'a week of calls and live chats' with Apple. Or two weeks in Hercules case.

* Two US iTunes users have both told me that their purchases of Iron Man 2, Thor and Captain America were recently downgraded to ‘no iTunes Extra’ versions.

* Another US iTunes user says that Ghostbusters 2 has gone from her iTunes account, but is still showing in Movies Anywhere - even though she bought it in iTunes.

* An Irish user tells me that he bought a film in iTunes called 101 Reykavik, only to have it disappear from his account. It then reappeared on the iTunes store with a different (wrong) spelling, and he had to pay 9.99 Euros again to get it back.

* Another US user tells me he has lost films on multiple occasions, and that he has been told essentially that Apple has changed/upgraded/removed them and there is nothing they can do.

I have forwarded this list of incidents to Apple - though in fairness it’s probably not reasonable to expect them to be able to explain each individual situation with the information available.

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The point, though, must surely be that issues regarding people losing films and TV shows for all sorts of reasons on iTunes appear to be widespread. And evidence suggests that films and TV shows can indeed, as Apple's own customer services documentation repeatedly state, be removed from UNDOWNLOADED iTunes purchase libraries by content providers for a variety of reasons.

Which brings us back full circle to the fact stated right at the start of Apple’s statement on all this. Namely that while the initial Dr da Silva case may have turned out to have been a specific (but still convoluted) case involving inter-territory licensing foibles, in the end the only way for anyone to guarantee that they’ll keep all their iTunes movie purchases forever is to download them - with all the potential faff associated with that.

So in the end, while the da Silva case might have turned out to be more complicated than Apple’s own support system/responses implied, I’d say that the issues surrounding it - and the myriad other cases people have sent me - have only reinforced my sense that physical media has much more of a future than some people give it credit for. Especially now that the 4K Blu-ray format has finally seen the film studios do away with regional coding.

--

If you found this story interesting, you might also like these:

Besson at San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2016
Born
18 March 1959 (age 60)
Paris, France
OccupationProducer, director, screenwriter
Years active1981–present
Spouse(s)
Maïwenn Le Besco (m. 1992–1997)

Virginie Silla (m. 2004)
Children5, including Shanna Besson

Luc Besson (French: [lyk bɛsɔ̃]; born 18 March 1959) is a French film director, screenwriter, and producer. He directed or produced the films Subway (1985), The Big Blue (1988), and Nikita (1990). Besson is associated with the Cinéma du look film movement. He has been nominated for a César Award for Best Director and Best Picture for his films Léon: The Professional and The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc. He won Best Director and Best French Director for his sci-fi action film The Fifth Element (1997). He wrote and directed the 2014 sci-fi thriller film Lucy and the 2017 space opera film Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets.

In 1980, he founded his own production company, Les Films du Loup, and, later, Les Films du Dauphin, which were superseded in 2000 by his co-founding EuropaCorp film company with his longtime collaborator, Pierre-Ange Le Pogam [fr]. As writer, director, or producer, Besson has so far been involved in the creation of more than 50 films.

  • 2Career

Early life[edit]

Besson was born in Paris, to parents who both worked as Club Medscuba-diving instructors.[1] Influenced by this milieu, as a child Besson planned to become a marine biologist. He spent much of his youth travelling with his parents to tourist resorts in Italy, Yugoslavia and Greece.[2] The family returned to France when Besson was 10. His parents promptly divorced and each remarried.

'Here there is two families, and I am the only bad souvenir of something that doesn't work,' he said in the International Herald Tribune. 'And if I disappear, then everything is perfect. The rage to exist comes from here. I have to do something! Otherwise I am going to die.'[3]

At the age of 17, Besson had a diving accident that left him unable to dive.[4]

'I was 17 and I wondered what I was going to do. ... So I took a piece of paper and on the left I put everything I could do, or had skills for, and all the things I couldn't do. The first line was shorter and I could see that I loved writing, I loved images, I was taking a lot of pictures. So I thought maybe movies would be good. But I thought that to really know I should go to a set. And a friend of mine knew a guy whose brother was a third assistant on a short film. It's true,' he said in a 2000 interview with The Guardian.[5]
'So, I said: 'OK, let's go on the set.' So I went on the set...The day after I went back to see my mum and told her that I was going to make films and stop school and 'bye. And I did it! Very soon after I made a short film and it was very, very bad. I wanted to prove that I could do something, so I made a short film. That was in fact my main concern, to be able to show that I could do one.'[5]

Career[edit]

He reportedly worked on the first drafts of Le Grand Bleu while still in his teens. Out of boredom, Besson started writing stories, including the background to what he later developed as The Fifth Element (1997), one of his most popular movies.[6] The film is inspired by the French comic books which Besson read as a teenager. Besson directed and co-wrote the screenplay of this science fiction thriller with the screenwriter Robert Mark Kamen.[7]

At 18, Besson returned to his birthplace of Paris. There he took odd jobs in film to get a feel for the industry. He worked as an assistant to directors including Claude Faraldo and Patrick Grandperret. Besson directed three short films, a commissioned documentary, and several commercials.[8] After this, he moved to the United States for three years, but returned to Paris, where he formed his own production company. He first named it Les Films du Loup, but changed it to Les Films du Dauphin. In the early 1980s, Besson met Éric Serra and asked him to compose the score for his first short film, L'Avant dernier. He later used Serra as a composer for other films of his. Since the late 20th century, Besson has written and produced numerous action movies, including the Taxi (1998–2007) and The Transporter (2002–2008) series, and the Jet Li films Kiss of the Dragon and Unleashed/Danny the Dog. His English-language films Taken, Taken 2 and Taken 3, all starring Liam Neeson, have been major successes, with Taken 2 becoming the largest-grossing export French film. Besson produced the promotional movie for the Paris bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics.[citation needed]

Besson won the Lumières Award for Best Director[9] and the César Award for Best Director, for his film The Fifth Element (1997).[10] He was nominated for Best Director and Best PictureCésar Awards for his films Léon: The Professional (1994)[11] and The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (1999).[12] French actor Jean Reno has appeared in several films by Besson, including Le dernier combat (1985),[13]Subway (1985),[14][15]The Big Blue (1988),[16]Nikita (1990), and Léon: The Professional (1994).[15]

Cinéma du look[edit]

Critics[who?] cite Besson as a pivotal figure in the Cinéma du look movement, a specific, highly visual style produced from the 1980s into the early 1990s. Subway (1985), The Big Blue (1988) and Nikita (1990) are all considered to be of this stylistic school. The term was coined by critic Raphaël Bassan in a 1989 essay in La Revue du Cinema n° 449.[17] A partisan of the experimental cinema and friend of the New Wave ('nouvelle vague') directors, Bassan grouped Besson with Jean-Jacques Beineix and Leos Carax as three directors who shared the style of 'le look.' These directors were later described critically as favouring style over substance, and spectacle over narrative.[18]

Besson, along with most of the filmmakers so categorised, was uncomfortable with the label, particularly in light of the achievements of their forebears: France's New Wave. 'Jean-Luc Godard and François Truffaut were rebelling against existing cultural values and used cinema as a means of expression simply because it was the most avant-garde medium at the time,' said Besson in a 1985 interview in The New York Times. 'Today, the revolution is occurring entirely within the industry and is led by people who want to change the look of movies by making them better, more convincing and pleasurable to watch.

'Because it's becoming increasingly difficult to break into this field, we have developed a psychological armor and are ready to do anything in order to work', he added in this same interview. 'I think our ardor alone is going to shake the pillars of the moviemaking establishment.'[19]

Besson directed a biopic of Aung San Suu Kyi called The Lady (original title Dans la Lumiere), which was released in the fall of 2011. He also worked on Lockout, which was released in April 2012.[20]

Work[edit]

Many of Besson's films have achieved popular, if not critical, success. One such release was Le Grand Bleu.

'When the film had its premiere on opening night at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival, it was mercilessly drubbed, but no matter; it was a smash,' observed the International Herald Tribune in a 2007 profile of Besson. 'Embraced by young people who kept returning to see it again, the movie sold 10 million tickets and quickly became what the French call a 'film générationnel,' a defining moment in the culture.'[21]

Besson created the Arthur series, which comprises Arthur and the Minimoys, Arthur and the Forbidden City, Arthur and the Vengeance of Maltazard and Arthur and the War of the Two Worlds. He directed Arthur and the Invisibles, an adaptation of the first two books of the collection. A film with live action and animation, it was released in the UK and the US.[citation needed]

Critical evaluation[edit]

Besson has been described as 'the most Hollywood of French filmmakers.'[22] Scott Tobias wrote that his 'slick, commercial' action movies were 'so interchangeable—drugs, sleaze, chuckling supervillainy, and Hong Kong-style effects—that each new project probably starts with white-out on the title page.'[23]

American film critic Armond White has praised Besson, whom he ranks as one of the best film producers, for refining and revolutionizing action film. He wrote that Besson dramatizes the struggle of his characters 'as a conscientious resistance to human degradation'.[24]

Personal life[edit]

Besson has been married four times; first, in 1986, to actress Anne Parillaud who starred in Besson's Nikita (1990). Besson and Parillaud had a daughter, Juliette, born in 1987. The couple divorced in 1991.

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Besson's second wife was actress and director Maïwenn Le Besco, who he started dating when he was 31 and she was 15.[25] They were married in late 1992 when Le Besco, 16, was pregnant with their daughter Shanna, who was born on 3 January 1993.[26] Le Besco later claimed that their relationship inspired Besson's film Léon (1994), where the plot involved the emotional relationship between an adult man and a 12-year-old girl.[25] Their marriage ended in 1997, when Besson became involved with actress Milla Jovovich during the filming of The Fifth Element (1997). He married the 22-year-old on 14 December 1997, at the age of 38, but they divorced in 1999.[27]

On 28 August 2004, at the age of 45, Besson married film producer Virginie Silla. The couple has three children: Thalia, Sateen, and Mao Besson.[28]

In 2018, he was accused of rape by actress Sand Van Roy[29] and other actresses who wished to remain anonymous.[30] The director's lawyer Thierry Marembert stated that Besson 'categorically denies these fantasist accusations' and that the accuser was 'someone he knows, towards whom he has never behaved inappropriately'.[31][32] Five women have declared similar statements against Besson, including a former assistant, two students of Cité du Cinéma studio, and a former employee of Besson’s EuropaCorp.[33]

Filmography[edit]

  • L'Avant Dernier (1981)
  • Le Dernier Combat (1983)
  • Subway (1985)
  • The Big Blue (1988)
  • Nikita (1990)
  • Atlantis (1991)
  • Léon: The Professional (1994)
  • The Fifth Element (1997)
  • The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (1999)
  • Angel-A (2005)
  • Arthur and the Invisibles (2006)
  • Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard (2009)
  • The Extraordinary Adventures of Adèle Blanc-Sec (2010)
  • Arthur 3: The War of the Two Worlds (2010)
  • The Lady (2011)
  • The Family (2013)
  • Lucy (2014)
  • Save Kids Lives (2015)
  • Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets (2017)
  • Anna (2019)

Legacy and honours[edit]

Among Besson's awards are the Brussels International Festival of Fantasy Film Critics Prize, Fantasporto Audience Jury Award-Special Mention, Best Director, and Best Film, for Le Dernier Combat in 1983; the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Silver Ribbon-Best Director-Foreign Film, for La Femme Nikita, 1990; the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film, Nil by Mouth, 1997; and the Best Director Cesar Award, for The Fifth Element, 1997.[7]

Film company[edit]

In 2000, Besson superseded his production company by co-founding EuropaCorp with Pierre-Ange Le Pogam, with whom he had frequently worked since 1985. Le Pogam had then been Distribution Director with Gaumont. EuropaCorp has had strong growth based on several English-language films, with international distribution. It has production facilities in Paris, Normandy, and Hollywood, and is establishing distribution partnerships in Japan and China.

Music videos[edit]

  • Pull Marine: Isabelle Adjani (1983)
  • Mon Légionnaire: Serge Gainsbourg (1988)
  • Que mon cœur lâche: Mylène Farmer (1992)
  • Love Profusion: Madonna (2003)
  • L'impasse: Kery James
  • I Feel Everything: Cara Delevingne (2017)

References[edit]

  1. ^Luc Besson on 'Arthur And The Invisibles'Archived 12 July 2012 at Archive.today – CANOE
  2. ^'Luc Besson', Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2008.
  3. ^'Luc Besson: The most Hollywood of French filmmakers', International Herald Tribune, 20 May 2007
  4. ^Hayward, Susan (1998). Luc Besson. Manchester: Manchester university press. p. 42. ISBN978-0-7190-5076-3. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  5. ^ abLuc Besson interviewed by Richard JobsonThe Guardian; accessed 20 July 2018.
  6. ^Interviews with European Film Directors – Luc BessonArchived 24 May 2012 at Archive.today EuroScreenwriters
  7. ^ ab'Luc Besson,' International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, Volume 2: Directors, 4th ed. St. James Press, 2000.
  8. ^Elley, Derek. 'Pop pic auteur', Variety, 23 June 1997, v. 367 n. 8, pp. 44–45.
  9. ^'Le Cinquième élément' [The Fifth Element]. AlloCiné. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  10. ^Williams, Michael (1 March 1998). 'Resnais seizes 7 Cesars'. Variety. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  11. ^'Prix et nominations : César 1995' [Awards and Nominations: César 1995]. AlloCiné. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  12. ^'Prix et nominations : César 2000' [Awards and Nominations: César 2000]. AlloCiné. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  13. ^Maslin, Janet (22 June 1984). ''Dernier Combat,' French Science Fiction'. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  14. ^Maslin, Janet (18 November 1994). 'Film Review; He May Be a Killer, But He's Such a Sweetie'. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  15. ^ abRoston, Tom (18 July 2014). 'Scarlett Johansson Gets Superpowers in Luc Besson's 'Lucy''. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  16. ^'Movie Review: The Big Blue'. The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  17. ^Translated into English: 'The French neo-baroques directors: Beineix, Besson, Carax from Diva to le Grand Bleu' (pp. 11–23), in The Films of Luc Besson: Master of Spectacle (Under the direction of Susan Hayward and Phil Powrie), Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007. ISBN0-7190-7028-7
  18. ^Austin, Guy (1999) Contemporary French Cinema: An Introduction, Manchester University Press, pp. 119–120, 126–128. ISBN0-7190-4611-4
  19. ^Tremblay, Anne (21 July 1985) 'France Breeds a New Crop of Auteurs', The New York Times,.
  20. ^Sobel, Ian (9 June 2011) '‘Looper’, ‘Anonymous’, And ‘Lockout’ Do The Release Date Shuffle', Screenjunkies.com.
  21. ^'Luc Besson: The most Hollywood of French filmmakers', International Herald Tribune, 20 May 2007
  22. ^Tobias, Scott (20 May 2007). 'Le Cinéma du Blockbuster', The New York Times, Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  23. ^Tobias, Scott (5 May 2006). 'District B13', The Onion. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  24. ^White, Armond (28 January 2009). 'We Need New Heroes: Taken', New York Press. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
  25. ^ abLeon: The Professional. sbs.com.au
  26. ^Shanna Besson. Sbs.com.au (15 August 2012). Retrieved on 20 September 2013.
  27. ^Kee, Chang; Stevens, Victoria (5 May 2012). Maïwenn's 'Polisse'. Anthem Magazine, 5 May 2012. 'Text: Kee ChangImages: Victoria Stevens'. Retrieved on 20 September 2013 from http://anthemmagazine.com/film-critic-maiwenns-polisse/.
  28. ^karenr (29 September 2005). 'Besson Becomes A Father For The Fifth Time'. Blog, SFGate, 29 September 2005. Retrieved from http://blog.sfgate.com/dailydish/2005/09/29/besson-becomes-a-father-for-the-fifth-time/.
  29. ^Guilcher, Lénaïg Bredoux, Marine Turchi et Geoffrey Le. 'Violences sexuelles: plusieurs femmes accusent Luc Besson'. Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  30. ^'Luc Besson: French film director accused of rape'. BBC News. 19 May 2018.
  31. ^Baynes, Chris. 'Filmmaker Luc Besson under investigation over rape allegation'. The Independent. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  32. ^Park, Andrea (10 July 2018). 'Second accuser says Luc Besson sexually assaulted her'. CBS News.
  33. ^'Five more women make sex-offence allegations against Luc Besson'. The Guardian. 28 November 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.

External links[edit]

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Wikiquote has quotations related to: Luc Besson
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luc Besson.
  • Luc Besson on IMDb
  • Luc Besson at AllMovie
  • Luc Besson Official Homepage at Luc-Besson.com
  • The films of Luc Besson, Hell Is For Hyphenates, February 28, 2014
  • Les Films du Loup (France) - uniFrance Films
  • Les Films du Loup on IMDb
  • Les Films du Dauphin - uniFrance Films
  • Les Films du Dauphin on IMDb

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Awards and achievements
Preceded by
Patrice Leconte
for Ridicule
César Award for Best Director
for The Fifth Element

1998
Succeeded by
Patrice Chéreau
for Those Who Love Me Can Take the Train

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